RESEARCH
⚖️ CORE LEGAL FRAMEWORKS
1. Water Code of Ukraine (Водний кодекс України)
🔗 https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/213/95-вр#Text
- 📘 Year: 1995 (last amended 2023)
- 📄 Governs ownership, use, and protection of all water bodies (rivers, lakes, groundwater). Central to all water legislation in Ukraine.
2. Law “On Drinking Water, Drinking Water Supply and Sewerage” (Закон про питну воду)
🔗 https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2918-14#Text
- 📘 No. 2918-III, 2002
- 📄 Establishes quality standards, access rights, technical water concepts, and Vodokanal obligations.
3. Law “On Ensuring the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population”
🔗 https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/4004-12#Text
- 📘 Enacted: 1994
- 📄 Sets health criteria for safe water and mandates government oversight of biological/chemical contaminants.
4. Law “On Environmental Protection” (Про охорону навколишнього середовища)
🔗 https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1264-12#Text
- 📘 Year: 1991
- 📄 Applies to pollution from wastewater, industrial dumping into rivers, and protection of aquatic ecosystems.
5. Law “On Local Self-Government in Ukraine”
🔗 https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/280/97-вр#Text
- 📘 Year: 1997
- 📄 Local governments are responsible for managing public water supply, including funding, repairs, and oversight of Vodokanals.
6. Law “On State Regulation in the Sphere of Public Utilities”
🔗 https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2479-17#Text
- 📘 Year: 2010
- 📄 Framework for creating a national regulatory body (NEURC), pricing policy, and tariff controls for services like water and sewage.
7. Law “On Natural Monopolies”
🔗 https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1682-14#Text
- 📘 Year: 2000
- 📄 Applies to Vodokanals as natural monopolies subject to oversight, licensing, and anti-corruption measures.
8. State Building Norms (ДБН - Derzhavni Budivelni Normy)
🔗 https://dbn.co.ua/
- 📘 Ongoing updates
- 📄 Technical standards for water pipe systems, filtration stations, urban water planning.
9. Sanitary Rules and Norms for Drinking Water (ДСанПіН 2.2.4-171-10)
🔗 https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0452-10#Text
- 📘 Ministry of Health
- 📄 Defines maximum permissible concentrations of heavy metals, microbes, nitrates, etc.
🏛 GOVERNING BODIES
🏛 GOVERNING BODIES
1. Ministry for Communities, Territories and Infrastructure Development of Ukraine (MinRegion)
🔗 https://www.minregion.gov.ua/
- 🔹 Governs water infrastructure, public utility standards, and Vodokanal development.
2. State Agency of Water Resources of Ukraine (SAWR)
🔗 https://www.davr.gov.ua/
- 🔹 Manages surface water bodies (rivers, lakes, reservoirs) and issues water use permits.
3. National Energy and Utilities Regulatory Commission (NEURC / НКРЕКП)
🔗 https://www.nerc.gov.ua/
- 🔹 Regulates tariffs, licensing, and market transparency for water utilities including Vodokanals.
4. Ministry of Health of Ukraine
🔗 https://moz.gov.ua/
- 🔹 Sets overall health policy, including water safety oversight.
4a. Public Health Center (Under the Ministry of Health)
🔗 https://phc.org.ua/
- 🔹 Monitors drinking water safety standards and health-related contaminants.
5. State Environmental Inspectorate of Ukraine
🔗 https://dei.gov.ua/
- 🔹 Conducts inspections of pollution sources and monitors environmental compliance, including wastewater control.
6. Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine (AMCU)
🔗 https://amcu.gov.ua/
- 🔹 Prevents anti-competitive practices and investigates monopoly abuse in water and sewage sectors.
7. State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Consumer Protection (SSUFSCP)
🔗 https://dpss.gov.ua/
- 🔹 Responds to consumer complaints, enforces sanitary norms for drinking water at consumer level.
8. Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center
🔗 https://meteo.gov.ua/
- 🔹 Provides data on water levels, precipitation, and environmental conditions that impact water supply.
9. Local Self-Government Authorities (Hromadas, City Councils)
🔗 https://decentralization.gov.ua/
- 🔹 Own and manage Vodokanals, approve budgets and infrastructure decisions, and implement service provision locally.
VODOKANAL
General Overview
- What is the Vodokanal?
- Deep Dive: History of Vodokanal
Regional Overview
- [DONETSK OBLAST]
- [KHARKIV OBLAST]
- [MYKOLAIV OBLAST]
- [KHERSON OBLAST]
- [DNIPRO OBLAST]
- [ZAPORIZHZHIA OBLAST]
WELLS and GROUNDWATER SOURCES
JOUNRALISTS and PRESS
Local Press
Foreign Press